最新のSEND問題集で試験を準備する

A 32-year-old woman presented to the outpatient clinic with a 1-year history of amenorrhoea that began after stopping her oral contraceptive pill. She had previously had two successful pregnancies and was otherwise well.
Examination was normal and no visual field defect was present on testing to confrontation.
Investigations:
serum sodium138 mmol/L (137-144) serum potassium3.8 mmol/L (3.5-4.9) plasma follicle-stimulating hormone2.0 U/L (2.5-10.0) plasma luteinising hormone2.0 U/L (2.5-10.0) serum prolactin1050 mU/L (<360)
MR scan of pituitarysee image

What is the most appropriate treatment?

• A. pituitary surgery
• B. octreotide
• C. stereotactic pituitary radiosurgery
• D. bromocriptine
• E. cabergoline

A 67-year-old woman presented to her general practitioner with a swelling in her neck. It had been present for 4-5 years and had not changed in size during that time. She was completely asymptomatic and remained well.
On examination, there was a nodular goitre and no lymphadenopathy.
Investigations:
serum thyroid-stimulating hormone1.1 mU/L (0.4-5.0)
A subsequent ultrasound scan demonstrated seven nodules bilaterally (ranging in size from 5 mm to 15 mm), which had no suspicious features.
What is the most appropriate next step in management according to British Thyroid Association 2014 Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Cancer?

• A. subtotal thyroidectomy
• B. reassure and discharge
• C. levothyroxine 100 micrograms daily
• D. radioactive iodine
• E. fine-needle aspiration of largest nodule

A 58-year-old man was referred to the endocrine clinic after a CT scan of abdomen had shown a 4.5-cm left adrenal mass, with a Hounsfield unit measurement of 11 (consistent with high lipid content). He had a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and was taking metformin. He was also taking atenolol for hypertension.
On examination at the clinic, his blood pressure was 162/94 mmHg. He was centrally obese with a body mass index of 27 kg/m2 (18-25).
Investigations:
serum potassium3.9 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
plasma renin activity (after 30 min upright)1.0 pmol/mL/h (3.0-4.3)
plasma aldosterone (after 4 h upright)680 pmol/L (330-830)
overnight dexamethasone suppression test (after 1 mg dexamethasone):
serum cortisol164 nmol/L (<50)
24-h urinary free cortisol132 nmol (55-250)
24-h urinary catecholamines
(adrenaline and noradrenaline)normal
As the lesion was >4 cm in diameter, laparoscopic adrenalectomy was recommended.
What is the most appropriate advice to give to the surgical team about perioperative
management?

• A. measure cortisol and aldosterone 2 weeks postoperatively
• B. short tetracosactide (Synacthen@) test 48 h postoperatively
• C. give corticosteroid cover during and after surgery and reassess postoperatively
• D. no special precautions are required
• E. give preoperative ?-adrenergic receptor blockade in case the lesion is an occult phaeochromocytoma

An 18-year-old woman was found to have a blood pressure of 164/102 mmHg at a preemployment medical examination. She gave no family history of hypertension. On enquiry, she said that she had not yet started to menstruate.
On initial clinical examination, she appeared well. She was 1.72 m tall (>90th centile) and had a body mass index of 22 kg/m2 (18-25). There was no evidence of axillary hair, and pubic hair was scanty (Tanner stage 1). Breast development was immature (Tanner stage 1).
Investigations:
serum sodium142 mmol/L (137-144)
serum potassium2.7 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
serum urea4.6 mmol/L (2.5-7.0)
serum creatinine102 umol/L (60-110)
estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD)>60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (>60)
plasma renin activity (after 30 min supine)1.0 pmol/mL/h (1.1-2.7)
plasma aldosterone (after 30 min supine)125 pmol/L (135-400)
serum cortisol (09.00 h)190 nmol/L (200-700)
What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

• A. adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency
• B. 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency
• C. adrenal 17-hydroxylase deficiency
• D. adrenal 11-hydroxylase deficiency
• E. deoxycorticosterone-secreting adrenal tumour

A 23-year-old woman presented to the outpatient clinic complaining of an inability to lose weight and irregular menses. Her food diary suggested that she consumed only 900 kilocalories daily. She had previously been found to have hypothyroidism and was treated with levothyroxine 75 micrograms daily.
On examination, her body mass index was 40.2 kg/m2 (18-25).
Investigations:
serum testosterone3.6 nmol/L (0.5-3.0) plasma follicle-stimulating hormone3.0 U/L (2.5-10.0) plasma luteinising hormone9.0 U/L (2.5-10.0) serum thyroid-stimulating hormone4.6 mU/L (0.4-5.0) serum free T412.8 pmol/L (10.0-22.0)
What is the most appropriate next step?

• A. titrate levothyroxine dosage
• B. add orlistat
• C. add metformin
• D. bariatric surgery
• E. add exenatide