American Society of Microbiology ABMM 認定 ABMM 試験問題:

1. The human virome, the collection of viruses that reside in and on the human body, is increasinglyrecognized for its role in health and disease. Which of the following statements regarding the human virome is MOST accurate?

A) The human virome is primarily composed of pathogenic viruses that cause acute infections.
B) Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are a significant component of the human gut virome.
C) The composition of the human virome is relatively stable over time and is not influenced by environmental factors.
D) The human virome is largely independent of the host's immune status.

2. A patient with a history of travel to a tropical region presents with cyclical fevers and chills.Peripheral blood smear reveals the presence of merozoites and schizonts within erythrocytes. The absence of crescent-shaped gametocytes makes Plasmodium falciparum less likely. The MOST probable species is:

A) Plasmodium malariae
B) Plasmodium ovale
C) Plasmodium knowlesi
D) Plasmodium vivax

3. A patient with a history of travel to South America presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral blood smear reveals the presence of trypomastigotes. The MOST likely diagnosis is:

A) African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
B) Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
C) Leishmaniasis
D) Malaria

4. A patient with cystic fibrosis experiences a pulmonary exacerbation. Sputum culture grows a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mucoid phenotype is primarily due to the overproduction of:

A) Alginate
B) Pyocyanin
C) Elastase
D) Exotoxin A

5. A 30-year-old female who recently returned from a hiking trip in the northeastern United States presents to her physician with a two-week history of a slowly expanding, erythematous rash with central clearing on her thigh. She also reports intermittent fatigue, arthralgias, and mild headache. Serological testing reveals a positive IgM and IgG response to Borrelia burgdorferi. Which of the following mechanisms is MOST significant in the pathogenesis of the clinical manifestations observed in this patient?

A) Induction of a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine response by the host
B) Intracellular replication within macrophages leading to disseminated infection
C) Production of potent exotoxins leading to direct tissue damage
D) Evasion of phagocytosis through a thick polysaccharide capsule

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